Motherboard Repairing

Introduction

Now I get the impact that motherboards scare numerous human beings in this area, you already know human beings don’t need to cope with them or update them or try to repair them.

It’s a touch daunting to try to diagnose the motherboard it'd appear, but what I’m going to inform you is it’s quite clean. Here’s 4 primary signs and symptoms that might move wrong with the motherboard and they may be.  TIP: please secure yourself before doing this DIAGNOSTIC, it may hurt or kill you. Please when you power on make sure the cable or wire is not connected to you. when I'm doing the test I connect the wire/cable to the proper connection before powering ON, when I'm done I power off and remove the connection to the outlet to avoid electrocution.

Four symptoms of a bad motherboard:

A. Computer won’t turn on
B. Components won’t work
C. Computer shuts down randomly
D. Computer acts abnormally

A. Computer won’t turn on

We were given a computer that doesn’t power on. How can you tell if the motherboard is horrific?

Well, you simply ask yourself why else wouldn’t a laptop power on? Number one, if it’s on battery energy, the battery is useless or the battery is horrific and variety two the AC adapter could be horrific, so let’s roll out number one.

Pull the battery out, keep the battery out of the computer for this check and then take your AC adapter and test the voltage with the voltmeter and I’m going to show you a way to do that right here. Take a voltmeter and what you need to test for is voltage. Put the meter at 20 volts DC and take the top, the strength jack tip. You preserve your black, your bad at the out of doors of the top and also you placed the red in the hole within the internal of the tip. Be very careful now not to touch the purple and the black and the hints together, otherwise, it's going to create a short circuit. After doing these things, make sure you have 19 volts DC or just about 19 volts DC

registered in your multimeter so we will realize that the power adapter works. Now, simply to make sure the connections is tight, kinda bend the energy twine a bit bit and make sure that the registered 19 volts DC at the multimeter or voltmeter will no longer differ or pass whilst you bend the power adapter twine a bit. 

Okay in case you’re still getting 19 volts DC while bending the strength adapter wire, jiggle the energy adapter wire a touch bit round ensure that there’s no crimson cord. Now, once you bend the electricity adapter twine and jiggle it and you still have 19 volts registered on your multimeter, then the electricity adapter tip might be correct. A lot of time you understand the tip will break, first-rate on this place right here, and you wouldn’t get that 19 volts DC after you do this, after it’s broken. So rather than simply

taking the whole computer aside and finding out if the computer has accurately properly electricity jack, take a look at the power adapter first. Now another purpose a motherboard may not turned on is as it’s no longer getting electricity to the electricity jack. The power jack is probably damaged, so absorb what you can from the out of doors and spot if it’s the strength jack is unfastened or detached from the motherboard and if it's far then you know you have to update the power jack in all likelihood, but if it seems like it’s secure the most effective way we’re gonna have the ability to check the power jack is to get right down to the motherboard stage and appearance it wherein the energy jack is soldered directly to the motherboard and this I cover in the various case have a look at films. Other things that may reason a laptop motherboard not to strength on…

Now there’s some other matters that would purpose a motherboard no longer to turn on or laptop

no longer to turn on, it is able to have a terrible processor, however horrific processor are fairly rare I might say 1 out of seventy five computers are operating on, it’s the processor as opposed to the motherboard that’s awful and additionally, there’s like perhaps the electricity button on the real pc is damaged or something mechanical like that, however once more that’s not going however you may check the ones matters too.

B.Components won’t work

We had been given a laptop that doesn’t energy on. How are you able to inform if the motherboard is bad? Well, you absolutely ask your self why else wouldn’t a pc power on? Number one, if it’s on battery energy, the battery is vain or the battery is terrible and range  the AC adapter can be bad, so allow’s roll out primary. Pull the battery out, keep the battery out of the computer for this test after which take your

AC adapter and test the voltage with the voltmeter and I’m going display you a manner to do that right here. Take a voltmeter and what you want to check for is voltage. Put the meter at 20 volts DC and take the top, the power jack tip. You hold your black, your horrific at the outdoor of the top and also you positioned the purple in the hollow in the inner of the tip. Be very careful not to the touch the red and the black and the suggestions together, otherwise it will create a quick circuit. After doing this stuff, make sure you have got 19 volts DC or pretty much 19 volts DC registered on your multimeter so we are able to recognise that the power adapter works. Now, truely to ensure the connections is tight, kinda bend the power wire a bit bit and make certain that the registered 19 volts DC on the multimeter or voltmeter will not differ or pass while you bend the energy adapter wire a piece. Okay in case you’re nevertheless getting 19 volts DC even as bending the power adapter wire, jiggle the electricity adapter twine a touch bit spherical make sure that there’s no purple twine. Now, when you bend the power adapter wire and

jiggle it and you still have 19 volts registered for your multimeter, then the strength adapter

tip is probably accurate. A lot of time you understand the tip will destroy, first rate in this area right here, and you wouldn’t get that 19 volts DC when you do that, after it’s broken. So as opposed to definitely

taking the complete computer aside and finding out if the computer has correctly nicely

electricity jack, take a look at the electricity adapter first.

Now any other cause a motherboard may not became on is because it’s no longer getting energy

to the electricity jack. Power jack might be damaged, so take in what you may from the outside

and see if it’s the electricity jack is unfastened or indifferent from the motherboard and if it's far thenyou know you need to replace the power jack probably, however if it seems like it’s steady the

only manner we we’re gonna have the ability to check the strength jack is to get right right down to the motherboard stage and look it wherein the power jack is soldered without delay to the motherboard and this I cover in the diverse case have a observe films.Other matters which could purpose a pc motherboard now not to power on… 

Now there’s some different topics that would reason a motherboard not to show on or pc

now not to turn on, it is able to have a horrible processor, but awful processor are pretty rare I might say

1 out of seventy five computer systems are working on, it’s the processor instead of the motherboard that’s awful and additionally there’s like perhaps the energy button at the real computer is broken or

some thing mechanical like that, however yet again that’s not going however you can take a look at the ones matters too.

C. Computer shuts down randomly

Okay quantity three, pc shuts down randomly. Now that is a common symptom of a

laptop overheating. So permit’s make certain it’s not an overheating trouble and how do we do

that? Well, what I do is I take a can of compressed air and I blow it within the pc, within the

backside where the fan is and also within the warmness sink, at the aspect of the computer. If you do

this you might see clouds of dirt pop out and that’s a great factor which you want to make

positive you get all of the chunks out of the pc before you became it back on, due to the fact the ones

chunks of dirt that might nevertheless be stuck in there, may reason the fan blades to sincerely stick. 

I cross over this inside the case examine videos several of them. Watch how I do that there

and you may see in action  cleansing out pc, growing old dirt out of it. Now,  when you get the dust out of a laptop and you’re positive that the fan is spinning and the airlines are easy, if the laptop continues shutting down after this, you may be very certain that’s no longer the CPU overheating that’s inflicting the problem however the problem with the motherboard. I had structures where I opened them up I make certain all of the airways had been smooth, I ensure that the warmth sink turned into making an amazing connection with the processor, positioned it all back collectively and the laptop nevertheless energy down. It became out it turned into a horrific motherboard.

D. Computer acts abnormally

Okay quantity 4, the computer or the laptop acts abnormally. It blue displays, matters aren’t

operating the manner they’re assumed to, it doesn’t boot up every time, it doesn’t boot up at all

every so often. Now, first I want to ensure it’s no longer Windows that causing a problem. So

again we’re no longer going to deal to a good deal for the software facets to do all of your Windows fixes

and make sure Windows isn’t inflicting the hassle or like I stated earlier than, just run knoppix

which is a good Linux distribution, the Ultimate Boot CD for Windows which is likewise superb

and then you definitely’ll understand Windows isn’t the component that’s causing the trouble then. If you’re nonetheless having troubles with the laptop performing abnormally, start putting off additives

one by one. Take the difficult drive out, you may try this if you’re going for walks it from a stay

Linux distribution. Take the ram out, replace the ram maybe with the stick around that you

know is right that you have around in the shop, take the wireless card out take the CD

force out. Start taking components out one by one and get the motherboard right down to fundamentals

like CPU, one stick of ram, motherboard and energy, and hook up the display screen, and just

make certain that it goes on. But spoil it all the way down to basics so you’re certain that it’s no longer a

component that’s inflicting the trouble. So once you have it of broken all the way down to fundamentals and you’re positive home windows isn’t causing the hassle, then it’s probable a horrific motherboard.

Okay it’s a terrible motherboard.

Dead Motherboard: Total Power Loss

Laptop does not start. Is it terrible energy jack or electricity fuse?

Let’s say your laptop does no longer begin in any respect. You plug inside the electricity adapter and press at the

strength button, but the laptop will no longer react. It’s useless and the power or battery charge LED

will no longer light up.

What can be wrong? Is it bad energy jack or the motherboard is useless? By the way, the

energy jack aka DC-IN jack is the electricity socket at the side or lower back of your laptop in which

you plug the AC/DC strength adapter.

I’ll explain a way to perform simple troubleshooting and find out what is inaccurate. This is only

for experienced human beings, who recognize the way to disassemble laptops.

First of all, test the AC/DC energy adapter with a multimeter. It’s very likely that there's

noting wrong with the laptop and your trouble is related to the power adapter.

If the adapter tests fine and output accurate voltage, disassemble the laptop and cast off thetop cowl.

As you notice on the first photo, in my pc the power adapter plugs into the DC-IN strength jack that's related to the motherboard through a harness. In some fashions the DCIN strength jack is soldered without delay to the motherboard.

Plug within the electricity adapter and degree voltage at the point in which the DC-IN jack or DC

harness (like in my case) linked to the motherboard.

If you are studying the identical voltage as at the AC adapter, it manner the electricity jack or

harness works nicely and the trouble is related to the motherboard.

If there may be no voltage, maximum in all likelihood there may be a hassle with the jack or hardness and it has to be replaced

By the manner, in a few case the trouble might be associated with the fuse which is typically located

somewhere very close to the power jack/harness connector. 

You can take a look at the fuse with a

multimeter.

If the fuse is horrific, the motherboard will look like lifeless although there may be nothing incorrect

with the power jack and AC/DC adapter. If that’s the case, changing the horrific fuse ought to

restore the hassle.

No strength Problem

Diagnosis, Cause and Remedy:

The first issue I did changed into testing the strength adapter with a multimeter so that you can verify

whether or not the power adapter is the one that’s causing the no electricity trouble or now not. The

supply voltage indicated at the electricity adapter is 19v, once I examined it, the supply voltage

is just ordinary. Since the energy adapter is just k, our attention now could be on the laptop

itself. In order to envision whether the motherboard of the laptop or other peripheral

gadgets that's linked to the pc reasons the no energy problem, we ought to

disassemble the pc piece by piece. After unscrewing all the computer parts, I in my view

pull out each peripheral gadgets. After completely putting off all gadgets that is

related to the laptop. I now separated the motherboard so one can be tested. But first I

easy out all of the dust from the motherboard for this is also a one factor which causes the

motherboard digital additives to be shorted. Because while dust receives thick it's going to

grow to be a conductor.

So you need to be aware of this, on every occasion you disassemble a pc motherboard you

want to free the motherboard from all dust, to make sure now not the dust is the detail causing

the motherboard’s digital thing parts to be shorted. After cleaning all of the dust

from the motherboard, I scan all of the components to peer whether or not there are any dry joints or

not. Dry joints manner unfastened or poor solder connections. Poor solder connections on a

laptop motherboard usually occur whilst your pc is already properly-superior in years.

I did no longer discover any terrible solder connections on any a part of the motherboard, however for

contentment I simply cautiously resoldered all the SMD additives in particular at the power

segment.Note: All pc these days is designed on a Surface Mounted Device or SMD mode, and

that is rarely have dry joints. But for satisfaction I cautiously resoldered all the SMD

additives especially the SMD components near the dc energy jack.

After resoldering all of the sections that needs to be resoldered, I inserted the dc strength plug

adapter to the dc strength jack and see whether or not the electricity comes up. Unfortunately, the

circumstance of the trouble remains the equal. I now examined all of the electronic elements at the

motherboard to discover whether there are any shorted digital element components which

reasons the no strength problem. After testing all the components that could be examined merely

with a multimeter, I couldn't locate any shorted parts. The most effective components that I nonetheless now not checked turned into the dc strength jack and the fuse

The final step that I did become testing energy jack from input to floor for short. When I

examined it, voila! The hassle located due to the fact it is genuinely shorted. I used x1 range of my

multimeter to peer the fault and either way there’s a deflection. When I cross on trying out the

fuse, I determined that the fuse become also open, the charge of the fuse is five. Five amperes and upon

similar inspection I discovered a shorted diode.

The cause why the strength jack terminals had been shorted is due to the shorted diode that

is hooked up to the energy jack. Replacing the diode and the fuse brings the pc to existence.

More About Motherboard Repairing ABOUT THE PCB

The Laptops motherboard or PCB which stands for Printed Circuit Board is made from

layers (it isn’t just a thick inexperienced plastic board). These layers could be ―layered with strains.

The lines are copper ―wires though no longer all lines are ―twine that travel all for the duration of

the board. Once the Layers and Traces are Set and the board Overcoat is Applied, The

Holes or Lands are applied. All are drilled or laser etched. Then contact pads are delivered to

the holes. Some can have handiest floor pads, and some could have c-caps and lands that pass

via the hollow and out to the opposite aspect with a contact pad attached to both aspects and

having a contact ―wall via the complete wall of the hole. The cause of the ―wall in

the middle of the hollow is to make touch with the trace in the board layers corresponding to 

the holes positioning on the PCB.

The Laptops Motherboard can be colored Green (a few are blue), Always having 2 sun shades

of green (or blue); a light green/blue and a darkish green/blue. The dark green being the

―base board shade and the light inexperienced revealed on to suggest Trace paths and factor

sections. Then you'll see white lines published everywhere in the board as a way to correspond

with the schematics data on the board component layout. The manufacturers stamp the

lines in position to diagram-out the issue element numbers; and printed labeling; for each aspect.

MOTHERBOARD REPAIRING TECHNIQUES

Let’s say, as an example, that the laptop had a lack of Audio, and you have already

decided that the speakers themselves aren't the difficulty. You can take a look at the

motherboard schematics sheet block diagram to discover the route of the onboard audio and

find all additives on that direction. This will allow you to with a bit of luck discover if there is a

fault. The audio will journey from the Southbridge, or the GPU/Southbridge, and you'll

see it branch out to special controller sections, like the amplifier, the microphone, the

audio jacks/modem and so on… Each segment having its personal set of additives like voltage

regulators, resistors, capacitors, controller ICs, diodes and so on… Knowing the faulty

components place in relevance to all different additives will help you in determining

any hidden faults and assist you higher direct your testing as an alternative of having to check the complete

motherboard.

Knowing how the preliminary failure befell may be very useful to assisting to locate the fault. If

you recognize that the trouble is related to a lightning storm and the strength changed into getting in and

out, you may direct the diagnosing in the direction of the strength enter and main tracks. This could

encompass all additives on the ones paths, like voltage regulators, tantalum capacitors,

resistors, diodes and related. Also you'll determine from the schematics sheets, the

proper testing voltage/amp/cutting-edge of all those components. Let us say that that did in fact

manifest to the computer in query with the fault. You could begin with the aid of making sure the AC

Adapter is nicely functioning. Moving on, you will start a visual and audio inspection of the motherboard.

Your visible inspection:

The visible inspection is the maximum crucial part of motherboard testing. It can also be the difference in hours of trying out in place of directly noticing the difficulty. Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are at risk of environmental impacts; as an example, the traces are corrosion-prone and may be improperly etched leaving partial shorts, whilst the vias can be insufficiently plated thru or filled with solder. The traces may additionally crack under mechanical loads, regularly ensuing in unreliable PCB operation. Residues of solder flux might also facilitate corrosion; the ones of other substances on PCBs can motive electrical leaks. Polar covalent compounds can entice moisture like antistatic dealers, forming a thin layer of conductive moisture between the traces; ionic compounds like chlorides have a tendency to facilitate corrosion. Alkali steel ions may also migrate through plastic packaging and impact the functioning of semiconductors. Chlorinated hydrocarbon residues may additionally hydrolyze and launch corrosive chlorides; those are troubles that occur after years. Polar molecules may also burn up high-frequency energy, inflicting parasitic dielectric losses. Above the glass transition temperature of PCBs, the resin matrix softens and turns into liable to contaminant diffusion. For instance, polyglycols from the solder flux can enter the board and boom its humidity intake, with corresponding deterioration of dielectric and corrosion residences. Multilayer substrates the usage of ceramics be afflicted by a number of the equal issues.

Conductive anodic filaments (CAFs) might also develop within the forums alongside the fibers of the composite cloth. Metal is added to a inclined surface generally from plating the vias, then migrates in presence of ions, moisture, and electrical capacity; drilling damage and terrible glass-resin bonding promote such disasters. The formation of CAFs generally starts by negative glassresin bonding; a layer of adsorbed moisture then provides a channel through which ions and corrosion merchandise migrate. In presence of chloride ions, the brought on fabric is atacamite; its semi-conductive residences cause increased modern-day leakage, deteriorated dielectric energy, and brief circuits among lines. Absorbed glycols from flux residues worsen the trouble. The distinction in thermal growth of the fibers and the matrix weakens the bond when the board is soldered; the leadfree solders which require higher soldering temperatures growth the prevalence of CAFs. Besides this, CAFs rely upon absorbed humidity; underneath a certain threshold, they do now not arise. Delamination might also occur to split the board layers, cracking the vias and conductors to introduce pathways for corrosive contaminants and migration of conductive species.

A lighted magnifying glass or higher but a microscope would assist you with the visible inspection to carry your field of view up near and allowing you to search for faults. You can buy a headset magnifying glass that rests to your head and has a couple of lenses to allow you greater magnification. The headset also has built in adjustable LED lights. This will assist you to work with each palms loose. You will inspect all components for bodily defects. VOLTAGE REGULATORVRs will typically want to be examined with a multi-meter. To visually investigate the regulator,you will be looking on the contact hands, mainly where they meet with the contact pads, searching out melted solder as properly. Usually board flex (warmth contraction and expansion ofthe motherboard) will purpose the VRs arm to end up mis-seated from the pad. 

When a Voltage Regulator fails because of a strength surge, it's going to have visible symptoms of failure. You will need to ―zoomǁ in to carefully observe the floor of the VR chip. You will see a burn location generally circle in shape and can every now and then be as small as a pin-head or as massive because the chip size itself. Certain blown VRs will nonetheless allow the laptop to continue running, but the blown VRs will also preserve to ―shortǁ and if left unattended and non-stop strength is implemented, it can cause the surrounding location to burn and probably set ablaze. If you in truth do see visible damage, you will replace that voltage regulator from the motherboard. Usually it's going to only be that 1 VR, and now not the set (if in a set or series). First region to check is right close to the DC Input (whether or not the DC Jack Lands, or the Plug-In DC Jack Port) vicinity, looking in the direct place and also on the other facet of the motherboard. The HP dv9000, dv6000 are 2 top examples that have common failure to the Voltage Regulator chip positioned near its dc jack enter plug port. This VR blows quite effortlessly and maximum likely due to bad/reasonably-priced manufacturing. Grounding pin will generally be the final pin, schematics can help you at the pin depend of wished, and will tell you the ultimate pins place and viable different grounding pins (so you don’t get false readings). 

Once you location the multi-meters negative probe at the floor pin, you may go across the arms starting from arm 1 and continuing round. To test for continuity, you would set the multi-meter to beep or screech whilst nice energy is detected. To replace the faulty VR, you will need an actual replacement VR. You can’t just take one which resembles the faulty one off of an exchange motherboard and expect it to work. It will most probably have a different rating than the only at fault and might cause different nearby additives to blow like oscillators or caps. You can find an precise collection motherboard and take away the VR from it to use in replacement of the defective one. This might be your best alternative for changing the factor in case you do not restore laptops on a normal foundation and feature get right of entry to to thing stock surplus. Looking up the component range (zoom in at the IC surface to find it), then either Google it, or go on EBay to discover an specific component match. If you get lucky you will locate it, you simply must hope the vendor/dealer allows the acquisition of a unique one and not require you to shop for in Bulk (commonly a case or a hundred and forty four). CAPACITOR

The capacitor, or ceramic capacitor, or tantalum capacitor… will also be a issue you need to carefully examine in case you are seeking to diagnose a Power failure like a lightning strike (my instance) and a Power surge or dip took place. Visual inspection will screen cracks within the capacitor or cracks inside the contact tray and pads. Electrolytic capacitors will take a look at in another way, as they will leak and will bulge whilst failing. A beneficial tool for motherboard checking out is a USB microscope. They are bought in various strengths or even the most inexpensive – lowest power scope will assist substantially in seeing the additives, specially while you are able to view it on a display and shop the captions to disk. The manner a capacitor ought to be examined is Out Of Circuit Testing, any element for that count. In- Circuit capacitor trying out may be performed the usage of a Capacitance Meter, In Circuit ESR meter. OTHER

The power inductor and the strength choke coil(s) also can be affected in a motherboard failure difficulty. You could be capable of feel the warmth resonating from them generally after failure.Resettable fuses will fail however rarely will…BIOS chipsets will fail too, they'll get blowouts within the middle area of the chips surface and is usually seen.

Your audio inspection:

Listening intently to a faulty motherboard will from time to time reveal the faults area, or at the least display the give up end result of a blown series of components. You will now and again be capable of listen blown additives making a excessive pitched buzzing noise, or it'll sometimes be a beeping noise, then sometimes it may additionally be clicking

noises.